LiFePO₄ Voltage Overview
What Are the Voltages of LiFePO₄ Cells?
A single LiFePO₄ (Lithium Iron Phosphate) cell has the following voltage characteristics:
- Nominal Voltage: 3.2V
- Fully Charged Voltage: 3.6V – 3.65V
- Discharge Cutoff Voltage: 2.5V – 2.8V (depending on BMS settings)
Voltage Ranges of LiFePO₄ Battery Packs
LiFePO₄ battery packs achieve higher voltages by increasing the number of cells in series (S). Below are some common configurations:
| Series (S) Configuration | Nominal Voltage | Fully Charged Voltage | Discharge Cutoff Voltage | Common Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4S | 12.8V | 14.4V – 14.6V | 10V – 11.2V | RVs, solar energy storage, small backup systems |
| 8S | 25.6V | 28.8V – 29.2V | 20V – 22.4V | E-bikes, marine batteries, mobility scooters |
| 16S | 51.2V | 57.6V – 58.4V | 40V – 44.8V | Golf carts, solar energy storage, electric motorcycles |
| 30S | 96V | 108V – 109.5V | 75V – 84V | Electric buses, forklifts, large storage systems |
| 48S | 153.6V | 172.8V – 175.2V | 120V – 134.4V | Electric trucks, industrial energy storage |
| 72S | 230.4V | 259.2V – 262.8V | 180V – 201.6V | High-speed EVs, industrial power systems |
| 96S | 307.2V | 345.6V – 350.4V | 240V – 268.8V | Rail transport, specialized EVs |
| 120S | 384V | 432V – 438V | 300V – 336V | Large solar energy storage, UPS systems |
| 144S | 460.8V | 518.4V – 525.6V | 360V – 403.2V | Power grid storage, electric buses |
Can 48V and 72V Packs Meet Golf Cart Requirements?
Yes! Many golf carts operate on 48V or 72V LiFePO₄ battery packs, which offer:
✅ Higher energy efficiency compared to lead-acid batteries
✅ Longer lifespan with more charge cycles
✅ Faster charging times
✅ Lower weight, improving performance and range
Why Are Some LiFePO₄ Packs 51.2V? Can They Be Used in a 48V Golf Cart?
A 51.2V LiFePO₄ pack (16S) is commonly referred to as a “48V” battery because:
- The nominal voltage is 51.2V (16 × 3.2V), but
- The fully charged voltage is around 57.6V – 58.4V, which is safe for most 48V systems
📌 Can it be used in a 48V golf cart?
Yes, as long as the golf cart’s motor controller and BMS can handle the slightly higher voltage range. Most modern controllers support 48V LiFePO₄ packs without issue.
Ultra-High-Voltage LiFePO₄ Systems
Industrial and grid-level LiFePO₄ systems can reach voltages of 600V, 700V, 800V, or even 1000V+, used in:
🔹 Electric trucks & buses
🔹 High-voltage storage systems (solar & wind energy)
🔹 Backup power for power grids
🔹 Industrial machinery
If you have specific application requirements, We(Olelon) can help you choose the best voltage solution! 🚀 Contact Us.